DB code: T00242

CATH domain 3.50.50.60 : FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain Catalytic domain
3.50.50.60 : FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain Catalytic domain
3.30.390.30 : Enolase-like; domain 1 Catalytic domain
E.C. 1.8.1.12
CSA
M-CSA
MACiE

CATH domain Related DB codes (homologues)
3.30.390.30 : Enolase-like; domain 1 M00163 T00017 T00213 T00233
3.50.50.60 : FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain M00163 D00015 D00041 D00042 D00045 D00064 D00071 T00004 T00015 T00017 T00025 T00211 T00213 T00233

Uniprot Enzyme Name
UniprotKB Protein name Synonyms Pfam
P39040 Trypanothione reductase (TR) (EC 1.8.1.12) (N(1),N
8)-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine reductase
PF00070 (Pyr_redox)
PF07992 (Pyr_redox_2)
PF02852 (Pyr_redox_dim)
[Graphical View]
P28593 Trypanothione reductase (TR) (EC 1.8.1.12) (N(1),N
8)-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine reductase
PF00070 (Pyr_redox)
PF07992 (Pyr_redox_2)
PF02852 (Pyr_redox_dim)
[Graphical View]

KEGG enzyme name
trypanothione-disulfide reductase
trypanothione reductase
NADPH2:trypanothione oxidoreductase

UniprotKB: Accession Number Entry name Activity Subunit Subcellular location Cofactor
P39040 TYTR_CRIFA Trypanothione + NADP(+) = trypanothione disulfide + NADPH. Homodimer. Cytoplasm. Binds 1 FAD per subunit.
P28593 TYTR_TRYCR Trypanothione + NADP(+) = trypanothione disulfide + NADPH. Homodimer. Cytoplasm. Binds 1 FAD per subunit.

KEGG Pathways
Map code Pathways E.C.
MAP00480 Glutathione metabolism

Compound table
Cofactors Substrates Products Intermediates
KEGG-id C00016 C00005 C03170 C00080 C00006 C02090
E.C. (disulfide bonded)
Compound FAD NADPH Oxidized trypanothione H+ NADP+ Trypanothione Enzyme-Trypanothine complex
Type amide group,amine group,aromatic ring (only carbon atom),aromatic ring (with nitrogen atoms),carbohydrate,nucleotide amide group,amine group,nucleotide amino acids,amine group,disulfide bond,lipid,peptide/protein others amide group,amine group,nucleotide amino acids,amine group,lipid,peptide/protein,sulfhydryl group
ChEBI 16238
16238
16474
16474
35490
35490
15378
15378
18009
18009
17842
17842
PubChem 643975
643975
5884
5884
115098
115098
1038
1038
5886
5886
449517
449517
1aogA01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1aogB01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1bzlA01 Bound:FAD Unbound Bound:GCG Unbound Unbound
1bzlB01 Bound:FAD Unbound Bound:GCG Unbound Unbound
1feaA01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1feaB01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1feaC01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1feaD01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1febA01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1febB01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1fecA01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1fecB01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1gxfA01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Intermediate-analogue:QUM_502
1gxfB01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Intermediate-analogue:QUM_502
1ndaA01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1ndaB01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1ndaC01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1ndaD01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1typA01 Bound:FAD Unbound Analogue:SPD-GSH-GSH-SPD Unbound Unbound
1typB01 Bound:FAD Unbound Analogue:SPD-GSH-GSH-SPD Unbound Unbound
1tytA01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1tytB01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
2tprA01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
2tprB01 Bound:FAD Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1aogA02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1aogB02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1bzlA02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1bzlB02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1feaA02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1feaB02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1feaC02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1feaD02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1febA02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1febB02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1fecA02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1fecB02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1gxfA02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1gxfB02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1ndaA02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1ndaB02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1ndaC02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1ndaD02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1typA02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Bound:NAP Unbound
1typB02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Bound:NAP Unbound
1tytA02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1tytB02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
2tprA02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
2tprB02 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1aogA03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1aogB03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1bzlA03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1bzlB03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1feaA03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1feaB03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1feaC03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1feaD03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1febA03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1febB03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1fecA03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1fecB03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1gxfA03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1gxfB03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1ndaA03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1ndaB03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1ndaC03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1ndaD03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1typA03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1typB03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1tytA03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1tytB03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
2tprA03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
2tprB03 Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound

Reference for Active-site residues
resource references E.C.
Swiss-prot;P39040, P28593 & literature [7], [16], [23]

Active-site residues
PDB Catalytic residues Cofactor-binding residues Modified residues Main-chain involved in catalysis Comment
1aogA01 CYS 53;CYS 58;LYS 61 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C53-C58
1aogB01 CYS 53;CYS 58;LYS 61 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C53-C58
1bzlA01 CYS 53;CYS 58;LYS 61 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C53-C58
1bzlB01 CYS 53;CYS 58;LYS 61 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C53-C58
1feaA01 CYS 51;CYS 56;LYS 59 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C51-C56
1feaB01 CYS 51;CYS 56;LYS 59 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C51-C56
1feaC01 CYS 51;CYS 56;LYS 59 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C51-C56
1feaD01 CYS 51;CYS 56;LYS 59 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C51-C56
1febA01 CYS 51;CYS 56;LYS 59 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C51-C56
1febB01 CYS 51;CYS 56;LYS 59 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C51-C56
1fecA01 CYS 51;CYS 56;LYS 59 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C51-C56
1fecB01 CYS 51;CYS 56;LYS 59 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C51-C56
1gxfA01 CYS 53;CYS 58;LYS 61 reduced form C53, C58
1gxfB01 CYS 53;CYS 58;LYS 61 reduced form C53, C58
1ndaA01 CYS 52;CYS 57;LYS 60 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C52-C57
1ndaB01 CYS 52;CYS 57;LYS 60 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C52-C57
1ndaC01 CYS 52;CYS 57;LYS 60 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C52-C57
1ndaD01 CYS 52;CYS 57;LYS 60 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C52-C57
1typA01 CYS 52;CYS 57;LYS 60 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C52-C57
1typB01 CYS 52;CYS 57;LYS 60 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C52-C57
1tytA01 CYS 52;CYS 57;LYS 60 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C52-C57
1tytB01 CYS 52;CYS 57;LYS 60 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C52-C57
2tprA01 CYS 51;CYS 56;LYS 59 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C51-C56
2tprB01 CYS 51;CYS 56;LYS 59 disulfide bonded/oxidized form C51-C56
1aogA02 GLU 203
1aogB02 GLU 203
1bzlA02 GLU 203
1bzlB02 GLU 203
1feaA02 GLU 201
1feaB02 GLU 201
1feaC02 GLU 201
1feaD02 GLU 201
1febA02 GLU 201
1febB02 GLU 201
1fecA02 GLU 201
1fecB02 GLU 201
1gxfA02 GLU 203
1gxfB02 GLU 203
1ndaA02 GLU 202
1ndaB02 GLU 202
1ndaC02 GLU 202
1ndaD02 GLU 202
1typA02 GLU 202
1typB02 GLU 202
1tytA02 GLU 202
1tytB02 GLU 202
2tprA02 GLU 201
2tprB02 GLU 201
1aogA03 HIS 461;GLU 466
1aogB03 HIS 461;GLU 466
1bzlA03 HIS 461;GLU 466
1bzlB03 HIS 461;GLU 466
1feaA03 HIS 460;GLU 465
1feaB03 HIS 460;GLU 465
1feaC03 HIS 460;GLU 465
1feaD03 HIS 460;GLU 465
1febA03 HIS 460;GLU 465
1febB03 HIS 460;GLU 465
1fecA03 HIS 460;GLU 465
1fecB03 HIS 460;GLU 465
1gxfA03 HIS 461;GLU 466
1gxfB03 HIS 461;GLU 466
1ndaA03 HIS 460;GLU 465
1ndaB03 HIS 460;GLU 465
1ndaC03 HIS 460;GLU 465
1ndaD03 HIS 460;GLU 465
1typA03 HIS 461;GLU 466
1typB03 HIS 461;GLU 466
1tytA03 HIS 461;GLU 466
1tytB03 HIS 461;GLU 466
2tprA03 HIS 460;GLU 465
2tprB03 HIS 460;GLU 465

References for Catalytic Mechanism
References Sections No. of steps in catalysis
[1]
Fig.1, p.315
[5]
[6]
p.8766-8767
[7]
p.329-332
[8]
p.3092-3094
[9]
[12]
p.147-151
[13]
[15]
[17]
p.55-57
[23]

References
[1]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 2666188
Journal Biochem Soc Trans
Year 1989
Volume 17
Pages 315-7
Authors Krauth-Siegel RL, Jockers-Scherubl MC, Becker K, Schirmer RH
Title NADPH-dependent disulphide reductases.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[2]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 2254926
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1990
Volume 216
Pages 235-7
Authors Hunter WN, Smith K, Derewenda Z, Harrop SJ, Habash J, Islam MS, Helliwell JR, Fairlamb AH
Title Initiating a crystallographic study of trypanothione reductase.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[3]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 2231707
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1990
Volume 215
Pages 335-7
Authors Kuriyan J, Wong L, Guenther BD, Murgolo NJ, Cerami A, Henderson GB
Title Preliminary crystallographic analysis of trypanothione reductase from Crithidia fasciculata.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[4]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 2059620
Journal Biochemistry
Year 1991
Volume 30
Pages 6124-7
Authors Bradley M, Bucheler US, Walsh CT
Title Redox enzyme engineering: conversion of human glutathione reductase into a trypanothione reductase.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[5]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 2007114
Journal Biochemistry
Year 1991
Volume 30
Pages 2761-7
Authors Sullivan FX, Sobolov SB, Bradley M, Walsh CT
Title Mutational analysis of parasite trypanothione reductase: acquisition of glutathione reductase activity in a triple mutant.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[6]
Resource
Comments X-ray crystallography
Medline ID
PubMed ID 1924336
Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Year 1991
Volume 88
Pages 8764-8
Authors Kuriyan J, Kong XP, Krishna TS, Sweet RM, Murgolo NJ, Field H, Cerami A, Henderson GB
Title X-ray structure of trypanothione reductase from Crithidia fasciculata at 2.4-A resolution.
Related PDB 2tpr
Related UniProtKB
[7]
Resource
Comments X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.8 ANGSTROMS)
Medline ID 92395672
PubMed ID 1522596
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1992
Volume 227
Pages 322-33
Authors Hunter WN, Bailey S, Habash J, Harrop SJ, Helliwell JR, Aboagye-Kwarteng T, Smith K, Fairlamb AH
Title Active site of trypanothione reductase. A target for rational drug design.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB P39040
[8]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 1453951
Journal Mol Microbiol
Year 1992
Volume 6
Pages 3089-99
Authors Aboagye-Kwarteng T, Smith K, Fairlamb AH
Title Molecular characterization of the trypanothione reductase gene from Crithidia fasciculata and Trypanosoma brucei: comparison with other flavoprotein disulphide oxidoreductases with respect to substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[9]
Resource
Comments X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.8 ANGSTROMS)
Medline ID 93238745
PubMed ID 8477734
Journal Eur J Biochem
Year 1993
Volume 213
Pages 67-75
Authors Bailey S, Smith K, Fairlamb AH, Hunter WN
Title Substrate interactions between trypanothione reductase and N1-glutathionylspermidine disulphide at 0.28-nm resolution.
Related PDB 1typ
Related UniProtKB P39040
[10]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8428618
Journal FEBS Lett
Year 1993
Volume 317
Pages 105-8
Authors Krauth-Siegel RL, Sticherling C, Jost I, Walsh CT, Pai EF, Kabsch W, Lantwin CB
Title Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of trypanothione reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[11]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8371273
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1993
Volume 232
Pages 1217-20
Authors Zhang Y, Bailey S, Naismith JH, Bond CS, Habash J, McLaughlin P, Papiz MZ, Borges A, Cunningham M, Fairlamb AH, et al
Title Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase. Crystallization, unit cell dimensions and structure solution.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[12]
Resource
Comments X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.8 ANGSTROMS)
Medline ID
PubMed ID
Journal Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr
Year 1994
Volume 50
Pages 139-54
Authors Bailey S, Fairlamb AH, Hunter WN
Title Structure of trypanothione reductase from Crithidia fasciculata at 2.6-A resolution; enzyme-NADP interactions at 2.8-A resolution
Related PDB 1tyt
Related UniProtKB P39040
[13]
Resource
Comments X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (3.3 ANGSTROMS)
Medline ID 94211757
PubMed ID 8159665
Journal Proteins
Year 1994
Volume 18
Pages 161-73
Authors Lantwin CB, Schlichting I, Kabsch W, Pai EF, Krauth-Siegel RL
Title The structure of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase in the oxidized and NADPH reduced state.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB P28593
[14]
Resource
Comments X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.4 ANGSTROMS)
Medline ID
PubMed ID
Journal Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr
Year 1995
Volume 51
Pages 337-41
Authors Strickland CL, Puchalski R, Savvides SN, Karplus PA
Title Overexpression of Crithidia fasciculata trypanothione reductase and crystallization using a novel geometry.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB P39040
[15]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 7548022
Journal Biochemistry
Year 1995
Volume 34
Pages 12697-703
Authors Zheng R, Cenas N, Blanchard JS
Title Catalytic and potentiometric characterization of E201D and E201Q mutants of Trypanosoma congolense trypanothione reductase.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[16]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 7672506
Journal FASEB J
Year 1995
Volume 9
Pages 1138-46
Authors Krauth-Siegel RL, Schoneck R
Title Flavoprotein structure and mechanism. 5. Trypanothione reductase and lipoamide dehydrogenase as targets for a structure-based drug design.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[17]
Resource
Comments X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.3 ANGSTROMS)
Medline ID 96367082
PubMed ID 8771196
Journal Protein Sci
Year 1996
Volume 5
Pages 52-61
Authors Zhang Y, Bond CS, Bailey S, Cunningham ML, Fairlamb AH, Hunter WN
Title The crystal structure of trypanothione reductase from the human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi at 2.3 A resolution.
Related PDB 1aog
Related UniProtKB P28593
[18]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8628734
Journal Proteins
Year 1996
Volume 24
Pages 73-80
Authors Jacoby EM, Schlichting I, Lantwin CB, Kabsch W, Krauth-Siegel RL
Title Crystal structure of the Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase.mepacrine complex.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[19]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 9174360
Journal Biochemistry
Year 1997
Volume 36
Pages 6437-47
Authors Stoll VS, Simpson SJ, Krauth-Siegel RL, Walsh CT, Pai EF
Title Glutathione reductase turned into trypanothione reductase: structural analysis of an engineered change in substrate specificity.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[20]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 9057833
Journal Eur J Biochem
Year 1997
Volume 243
Pages 690-4
Authors Marsh IR, Bradley M
Title Substrate specificity of trypanothione reductase.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[21]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 9309766
Journal Parasitology
Year 1997
Volume 114 Suppl
Pages S17-29
Authors Hunter WN
Title A structure-based approach to drug discovery; crystallography and implications for the development of antiparasite drugs.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[22]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 9986706
Journal J Med Chem
Year 1999
Volume 42
Pages 364-72
Authors Gallwitz H, Bonse S, Martinez-Cruz A, Schlichting I, Schumacher K, Krauth-Siegel RL
Title Ajoene is an inhibitor and subversive substrate of human glutathione reductase and Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase: crystallographic, kinetic, and spectroscopic studies.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[23]
Resource
Comments X-ray crystallography
Medline ID
PubMed ID 10368274
Journal Structure Fold Des
Year 1999
Volume 7
Pages 81-9
Authors Bond CS, Zhang Y, Berriman M, Cunningham ML, Fairlamb AH, Hunter WN
Title Crystal structure of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase in complex with trypanothione, and the structure-based discovery of new natural product inhibitors.
Related PDB 1bzl
Related UniProtKB
[24]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 10968268
Journal Bioorg Med Chem
Year 2000
Volume 8
Pages 95-103
Authors Bonnet B, Soullez D, Girault S, Maes L, Landry V, Davioud-Charvet E, Sergheraert C
Title Trypanothione reductase inhibition/trypanocidal activity relationships in a 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine series.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[25]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 11170645
Journal J Med Chem
Year 2001
Volume 44
Pages 548-65
Authors Salmon-Chemin L, Buisine E, Yardley V, Kohler S, Debreu MA, Landry V, Sergheraert C, Croft SL, Krauth-Siegel RL, Davioud-Charvet E
Title 2- and 3-substituted 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives as subversive substrates of trypanothione reductase and lipoamide dehydrogenase from Trypanosoma cruzi: synthesis and correlation between redox cycling activities and in vitro cytotoxicity.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[26]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 11867629
Journal J Biol Chem
Year 2002
Volume 277
Pages 17548-55
Authors Reckenfelderbaumer N, Krauth-Siegel RL
Title Catalytic properties, thiol pK value, and redox potential of Trypanosoma brucei tryparedoxin.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[27]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 12111385
Journal J Mol Model (Online)
Year 2002
Volume 8
Pages 173-83
Authors Iribarne F, Paulino M, Aguilera S, Murphy M, Tapia O
Title Docking and molecular dynamics studies at trypanothione reductase and glutathione reductase active sites.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[28]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 15102853
Journal J Biol Chem
Year 2004
Volume 279
Pages 29493-500
Authors Saravanamuthu A, Vickers TJ, Bond CS, Peterson MR, Hunter WN, Fairlamb AH
Title Two interacting binding sites for quinacrine derivatives in the active site of trypanothione reductase: a template for drug design.
Related PDB 1gxf
Related UniProtKB

Comments
As in its homologous enzymes (thioredoxin reductase; D00045 & dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase; T00017 in EzCatDB), this enzyme catalyzes three distinct redox reactions;
(A) Hydride or electron transfer from NADPH to FAD (Reduction of FAD by NADPH) (part of reductive half-reaction)
(B) Electron transfer from reduced FAD (FADH2) to active-site disulfide (Cys-Cys) (part of reductive half-reaction)
(C) Electron transfer from active site cysteine residues to trypanothione disulfide substrate (Reduction of substrate [trypanothione disulfide] at the active site)

Created Updated
2004-12-24 2009-02-26