DB code: S00534
| CATH domain | 3.40.1190.20 : UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine | Catalytic domain |
|---|---|---|
| E.C. | 2.7.1.15 | |
| CSA | 1rk2 | |
| M-CSA | 1rk2 | |
| MACiE | ||
| CATH domain | Related DB codes (homologues) |
|---|---|
| 3.40.1190.20 : UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine | S00541 S00678 S00705 S00903 S00904 S00905 S00453 D00416 |
| Uniprot Enzyme Name | UniprotKB | Protein name | Synonyms | RefSeq | Pfam |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P0A9J6 |
Ribokinase
|
EC
2.7.1.15
|
NP_418208.1
(Protein)
NC_000913.2 (DNA/RNA sequence) YP_491677.1 (Protein) NC_007779.1 (DNA/RNA sequence) |
PF00294
(PfkB)
[Graphical View] |
| KEGG enzyme name |
|---|
|
ribokinase
deoxyribokinase ribokinase (phosphorylating) D-ribokinase |
| UniprotKB: Accession Number | Entry name | Activity | Subunit | Subcellular location | Cofactor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P0A9J6 | RBSK_ECOLI | ATP + D-ribose = ADP + D-ribose 5-phosphate. | Homodimer. | Cytoplasm. |
| KEGG Pathways | Map code | Pathways | E.C. |
|---|---|---|
| MAP00030 | Pentose phosphate pathway |
| Compound table | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cofactors | Substrates | Products | Intermediates | ||||||||||||
| KEGG-id | C00305 | C00238 | C00009 | C00002 | C00121 | C01801 | C00008 | C00117 | C00673 | ||||||
| E.C. | |||||||||||||||
| Compound | Magnesium | Potassium | Orthophosphate | ATP | D-Ribose | 2-Deoxy-D-ribose | ADP | D-Ribose 5-phosphate | 2-Deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate | ||||||
| Type | divalent metal (Ca2+, Mg2+) | univalent metal (Na+, K+) | phosphate group/phosphate ion | amine group,nucleotide | carbohydrate | carbohydrate | amine group,nucleotide | carbohydrate,phosphate group/phosphate ion | carbohydrate,phosphate group/phosphate ion | ||||||
| ChEBI |
18420 18420 |
29103 29103 |
26078 26078 |
15422 15422 |
47013 47013 |
16761 16761 |
52742 52742 |
55513 55513 |
|||||||
| PubChem |
888 888 |
813 813 |
1004 22486802 1004 22486802 |
5957 5957 |
5779 5779 |
9828112 9828112 |
6022 6022 |
439167 439167 |
439288 439288 |
||||||
| 1gqtA |
|
|
|
|
|
Unbound | Analogue:_CS | Unbound | Analogue:ACP | Bound:RIB | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | |
| 1gqtB |
|
|
|
|
|
Unbound | Analogue:_CS | Unbound | Analogue:ACP | Bound:RIB | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | |
| 1gqtC |
|
|
|
|
|
Unbound | Analogue:_CS | Unbound | Analogue:ACP | Bound:RIB | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | |
| 1gqtD |
|
|
|
|
|
Unbound | Analogue:_CS | Unbound | Unbound | Bound:RIB | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | |
| 1rk2A |
|
|
|
|
|
Unbound | Analogue:_MG | Unbound | Unbound | Bound:RIB | Unbound | Bound:ADP | Unbound | Unbound | |
| 1rk2B |
|
|
|
|
|
Unbound | Analogue:_MG | Unbound | Unbound | Bound:RIB | Unbound | Bound:ADP | Unbound | Unbound | |
| 1rk2C |
|
|
|
|
|
Unbound | Analogue:_MG | Unbound | Unbound | Bound:RIB | Unbound | Bound:ADP | Unbound | Unbound | |
| 1rk2D |
|
|
|
|
|
Unbound | Analogue:_MG | Unbound | Unbound | Bound:RIB | Unbound | Bound:ADP | Unbound | Unbound | |
| 1rkaA |
|
|
|
|
|
Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | |
| 1rkdA |
|
|
|
|
|
Unbound | Unbound | Bound:PO4 | Unbound | Bound:RIB | Unbound | Bound:ADP | Unbound | Unbound | |
| 1rksA |
|
|
|
|
|
Unbound | Unbound | Bound:PO4 | Unbound | Bound:RIB | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | Unbound | |
| Reference for Active-site residues | ||
|---|---|---|
| resource | references | E.C. |
| literature [2], [3], [6], [8], [9], [13], [24] | ||
| Active-site residues | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PDB | Catalytic residues | Cofactor-binding residues | Modified residues | Main-chain involved in catalysis | Comment | |||||
| 1gqtA |
|
|
|
|
|
LYS 43;ASP 255 | THR 250(magnesium-1 binding);ASN 166;ASN 187;GLU 190(magnesium-2 binding);ASP 249;ILE 251;ALA 285;ARG 288;GLY 290;SER 294(potassium binding);ALA 170;ASN 187(orthophosphate binding) | ALA 252;ALA 253;GLY 254 | ||
| 1gqtB |
|
|
|
|
|
LYS 43;ASP 255 | THR 250(magnesium-1 binding);ASN 166;ASN 187;GLU 190(magnesium-2 binding);ASP 249;ILE 251;ALA 285;ARG 288;GLY 290;SER 294(potassium binding);ALA 170;ASN 187(orthophosphate binding) | ALA 252;ALA 253;GLY 254 | ||
| 1gqtC |
|
|
|
|
|
LYS 43;ASP 255 | THR 250(magnesium-1 binding);ASN 166;ASN 187;GLU 190(magnesium-2 binding);ASP 249;ILE 251;ALA 285;ARG 288;GLY 290;SER 294(potassium binding);ALA 170;ASN 187(orthophosphate binding) | ALA 252;ALA 253;GLY 254 | ||
| 1gqtD |
|
|
|
|
|
LYS 43;ASP 255 | THR 250(magnesium-1 binding);ASN 166;ASN 187;GLU 190(magnesium-2 binding);ASP 249;ILE 251;ALA 285;ARG 288;GLY 290;SER 294(potassium binding);ALA 170;ASN 187(orthophosphate binding) | ALA 252;ALA 253;GLY 254 | ||
| 1rk2A |
|
|
|
|
|
LYS 43;ASP 255 | THR 250(magnesium-1 binding);ASN 166;ASN 187;GLU 190(magnesium-2 binding);ASP 249;ILE 251;ALA 285;ARG 288;GLY 290;SER 294(potassium binding);ALA 170;ASN 187(orthophosphate binding) | ALA 252;ALA 253;GLY 254 | ||
| 1rk2B |
|
|
|
|
|
LYS 43;ASP 255 | THR 250(magnesium-1 binding);ASN 166;ASN 187;GLU 190(magnesium-2 binding);ASP 249;ILE 251;ALA 285;ARG 288;GLY 290;SER 294(potassium binding);ALA 170;ASN 187(orthophosphate binding) | ALA 252;ALA 253;GLY 254 | ||
| 1rk2C |
|
|
|
|
|
LYS 43;ASP 255 | THR 250(magnesium-1 binding);ASN 166;ASN 187;GLU 190(magnesium-2 binding);ASP 249;ILE 251;ALA 285;ARG 288;GLY 290;SER 294(potassium binding);ALA 170;ASN 187(orthophosphate binding) | ALA 252;ALA 253;GLY 254 | ||
| 1rk2D |
|
|
|
|
|
LYS 43;ASP 255 | THR 250(magnesium-1 binding);ASN 166;ASN 187;GLU 190(magnesium-2 binding);ASP 249;ILE 251;ALA 285;ARG 288;GLY 290;SER 294(potassium binding);ALA 170;ASN 187(orthophosphate binding) | ALA 252;ALA 253;GLY 254 | ||
| 1rkaA |
|
|
|
|
|
LYS 43;ASP 255 | THR 250(magnesium-1 binding);ASN 166;ASN 187;GLU 190(magnesium-2 binding);ASP 249;ILE 251;ALA 285;ARG 288;GLY 290;SER 294(potassium binding);ALA 170;ASN 187(orthophosphate binding) | ALA 252;ALA 253;GLY 254 | ||
| 1rkdA |
|
|
|
|
|
LYS 43;ASP 255 | THR 250(magnesium-1 binding);ASN 166;ASN 187;GLU 190(magnesium-2 binding);ASP 249;ILE 251;ALA 285;ARG 288;GLY 290;SER 294(potassium binding);ALA 170;ASN 187(orthophosphate binding) | ALA 252;ALA 253;GLY 254 | ||
| 1rksA |
|
|
|
|
|
LYS 43;ASP 255 | THR 250(magnesium-1 binding);ASN 166;ASN 187;GLU 190(magnesium-2 binding);ASP 249;ILE 251;ALA 285;ARG 288;GLY 290;SER 294(potassium binding);ALA 170;ASN 187(orthophosphate binding) | ALA 252;ALA 253;GLY 254 | ||
| References for Catalytic Mechanism | ||
|---|---|---|
| References | Sections | No. of steps in catalysis |
|
[2]
|
p.15617-15618, Fig.12 | |
|
[3]
|
p.186, p.188-189 | |
|
[5]
|
p.1015-1016 | |
|
[6]
|
p.7876-7877 | |
|
[8]
|
p.886-890 | |
|
[11]
|
Fig.1, Fig.6 | |
|
[13]
|
p.410-412, p.415-417 | |
|
[17]
|
Fig.5, Fig.6, p.147-151 | |
|
[20]
|
p.1815-1819 | |
|
[23]
|
p.9296-9298 | |
|
[25]
|
p.4545-4547, p.4549 | |
|
[26]
|
p.525-528 | |
| References | |
|---|---|
| [1] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | CHARACTERIZATION. |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 9385653 |
| Journal | Protein Sci |
| Year | 1997 |
| Volume | 6 |
| Pages | 2474-6 |
| Authors | Sigrell JA, Cameron AD, Jones TA, Mowbray SL |
| Title |
Purification, |
| Related PDB | |
| Related UniProtKB | P0A9J6 |
| [2] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.5 ANGSTROMS) OF SHORT ISOFORM |
| Medline ID | 99060037 |
| PubMed ID | 9843365 |
| Journal | Biochemistry |
| Year | 1998 |
| Volume | 37 |
| Pages | 15607-20 |
| Authors | Mathews II, Erion MD, Ealick SE |
| Title | Structure of human adenosine kinase at 1.5 A resolution. |
| Related PDB | 1bx4 |
| Related UniProtKB | P55263 |
| [3] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.84 ANGSTROMS). |
| Medline ID | 98179935 |
| PubMed ID | 9519409 |
| Journal | Structure |
| Year | 1998 |
| Volume | 6 |
| Pages | 183-93 |
| Authors | Sigrell JA, Cameron AD, Jones TA, Mowbray SL |
| Title | Structure of Escherichia coli ribokinase in complex with ribose and dinucleotide determined to 1.8 A resolution: insights into a new family of kinase structures. |
| Related PDB | 1rkd |
| Related UniProtKB | P0A9J6 |
| [4] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 10393297 |
| Journal | Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr |
| Year | 1999 |
| Volume | 55 |
| Pages | 1309-19 |
| Authors | Mowbray SL, Helgstrand C, Sigrell JA, Cameron AD, Jones TA |
| Title | Errors and reproducibility in electron-density map interpretation. |
| Related PDB | |
| Related UniProtKB | |
| [5] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.25 ANGSTROMS). |
| Medline ID | 99370056 |
| PubMed ID | 10438599 |
| Journal | J Mol Biol |
| Year | 1999 |
| Volume | 290 |
| Pages | 1009-18 |
| Authors | Sigrell JA, Cameron AD, Mowbray SL |
| Title | Induced fit on sugar binding activates ribokinase. |
| Related PDB | 1rk2 1rka 1rks |
| Related UniProtKB | P0A9J6 |
| [6] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments |
X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.5 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH SUBSTRATE, |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 10891066 |
| Journal | Biochemistry |
| Year | 2000 |
| Volume | 39 |
| Pages | 7868-77 |
| Authors | Campobasso N, Mathews II, Begley TP, Ealick SE |
| Title | Crystal structure of 4-methyl-5-beta-hydroxyethylthiazole kinase from Bacillus subtilis at 1.5 A resolution. |
| Related PDB | 1c3q 1esq 1esj 1ekq 1ekk |
| Related UniProtKB | P39593 |
| [7] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 10648508 |
| Journal | J Bacteriol |
| Year | 2000 |
| Volume | 182 |
| Pages | 869-73 |
| Authors | Tourneux L, Bucurenci N, Saveanu C, Kaminski PA, Bouzon M, Pistotnik E, Namane A, Marliere P, Barzu O, De La Sierra IL, Neuhard J, Gilles AM |
| Title | Genetic and biochemical characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi deoxyribokinase. |
| Related PDB | |
| Related UniProtKB | |
| [8] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.72 ANGSTROMS). |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 10801355 |
| Journal | J Mol Biol |
| Year | 2000 |
| Volume | 298 |
| Pages | 875-93 |
| Authors | Schumacher MA, Scott DM, Mathews II, Ealick SE, Roos DS, Ullman B, Brennan RG |
| Title | Crystal structures of Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase reveal a novel catalytic mechanism and prodrug binding. |
| Related PDB | 1lii 1lij 1lik 1lio |
| Related UniProtKB | Q9TVW2 |
| [9] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 11563694 |
| Journal | J Protein Chem |
| Year | 2001 |
| Volume | 20 |
| Pages | 139-44 |
| Authors | Maj MC, Gupta RS |
| Title | The effect of inorganic phosphate on the activity of bacterial ribokinase. |
| Related PDB | |
| Related UniProtKB | |
| [10] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments |
X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.3 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH ADP, |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 11286887 |
| Journal | Structure |
| Year | 2001 |
| Volume | 9 |
| Pages | 205-14 |
| Authors | Ito S, Fushinobu S, Yoshioka I, Koga S, Matsuzawa H, Wakagi T |
| Title | Structural basis for the ADP-specificity of a novel glucokinase from a hyperthermophilic archaeon. |
| Related PDB | 1gc5 |
| Related UniProtKB | Q7M537 |
| [11] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 11900549 |
| Journal | Biochemistry |
| Year | 2002 |
| Volume | 41 |
| Pages | 4059-69 |
| Authors | Maj MC, Singh B, Gupta RS |
| Title | Pentavalent ions dependency is a conserved property of adenosine kinase from diverse sources: identification of a novel motif implicated in phosphate and magnesium ion binding and substrate inhibition. |
| Related PDB | |
| Related UniProtKB | |
| [12] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.8 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH SUBSTRATE; ADP AND COFACTOR. |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 12235162 |
| Journal | J Biol Chem |
| Year | 2002 |
| Volume | 277 |
| Pages | 46385-90 |
| Authors | Li MH, Kwok F, Chang WR, Lau CK, Zhang JP, Lo SC, Jiang T, Liang DC |
| Title |
Crystal structure of brain pyridoxal kinase, |
| Related PDB | 1lhp 1lhr |
| Related UniProtKB | P82197 |
| [13] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | X-ray crystallography |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 11786021 |
| Journal | J Mol Biol |
| Year | 2002 |
| Volume | 315 |
| Pages | 409-19 |
| Authors | Andersson CE, Mowbray SL |
| Title | Activation of ribokinase by monovalent cations. |
| Related PDB | 1gqt |
| Related UniProtKB | |
| [14] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | X-ray crystallography |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 12457846 |
| Journal | J Struct Biol |
| Year | 2002 |
| Volume | 139 |
| Pages | 161-70 |
| Authors | Zhang RG, Grembecka J, Vinokour E, Collart F, Dementieva I, Minor W, Joachimiak A |
| Title | Structure of Bacillus subtilis YXKO--a member of the UPF0031 family and a putative kinase. |
| Related PDB | 1kyh |
| Related UniProtKB | |
| [15] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.3 ANGSTROMS) OF 23-266. |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 11839308 |
| Journal | Structure |
| Year | 2002 |
| Volume | 10 |
| Pages | 225-35 |
| Authors | Cheng G, Bennett EM, Begley TP, Ealick SE |
| Title | Crystal structure of 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate kinase from Salmonella typhimurium at 2.3 A resolution. |
| Related PDB | 1jxh 1jxi |
| Related UniProtKB | P55882 |
| [16] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments |
X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.9 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH AMP AND GLUCOSE, |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 12909015 |
| Journal | J Mol Biol |
| Year | 2003 |
| Volume | 331 |
| Pages | 871-83 |
| Authors | Ito S, Fushinobu S, Jeong JJ, Yoshioka I, Koga S, Shoun H, Wakagi T |
| Title | Crystal structure of an ADP-dependent glucokinase from Pyrococcus furiosus: implications for a sugar-induced conformational change in ADP-dependent kinase. |
| Related PDB | 1ua4 |
| Related UniProtKB | Q9V2Z6 |
| [17] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | (ISSN 1442-0067) |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | |
| Journal | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Year | 2004 |
| Volume | 5 |
| Pages | 141-53 |
| Authors | Dyguda E, Szefczyk B, Sokalski WA |
| Title | The mechanism of phosphoryl transfer reaction and the role of active site residues on the basis of ribokinase-like kinases. |
| Related PDB | |
| Related UniProtKB | |
| [18] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 15547280 |
| Journal | J Bacteriol |
| Year | 2004 |
| Volume | 186 |
| Pages | 8074-82 |
| Authors | Safo MK, Musayev FN, Hunt S, di Salvo ML, Scarsdale N, Schirch V |
| Title | Crystal structure of the PdxY Protein from Escherichia coli. |
| Related PDB | 1td2 |
| Related UniProtKB | P77150 |
| [19] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.1 ANGSTROMS). |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 15210349 |
| Journal | J Mol Biol |
| Year | 2004 |
| Volume | 340 |
| Pages | 477-89 |
| Authors | Ohshima N, Inagaki E, Yasuike K, Takio K, Tahirov TH |
| Title | Structure of Thermus thermophilus 2-Keto-3-deoxygluconate kinase: evidence for recognition of an open chain substrate. |
| Related PDB | 1v19 1v1a 1v1b 1v1s |
| Related UniProtKB | Q746L7 |
| [20] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.6 ANGSTROMS). |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 15458630 |
| Journal | Structure |
| Year | 2004 |
| Volume | 12 |
| Pages | 1809-21 |
| Authors | Zhang Y, Dougherty M, Downs DM, Ealick SE |
| Title | Crystal structure of an aminoimidazole riboside kinase from Salmonella enterica: implications for the evolution of the ribokinase superfamily. |
| Related PDB | 1tyy 1tz3 1tz6 |
| Related UniProtKB | Q8ZKR2 |
| [21] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 16030223 |
| Journal | J Bacteriol |
| Year | 2005 |
| Volume | 187 |
| Pages | 5292-300 |
| Authors | McArthur F, Andersson CE, Loutet S, Mowbray SL, Valvano MA |
| Title |
Functional analysis of the glycero-manno-heptose 7-phosphate kinase domain from the bifunctional HldE protein, |
| Related PDB | |
| Related UniProtKB | |
| [22] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | X-ray crystallography |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 16929110 |
| Journal | Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr |
| Year | 2006 |
| Volume | 62 |
| Pages | 1085-97 |
| Authors | Arnfors L, Hansen T, Schonheit P, Ladenstein R, Meining W |
| Title | Structure of Methanocaldococcus jannaschii nucleoside kinase: an archaeal member of the ribokinase family. |
| Related PDB | 2c4e 2c49 |
| Related UniProtKB | |
| [23] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 16866375 |
| Journal | Biochemistry |
| Year | 2006 |
| Volume | 45 |
| Pages | 9291-9 |
| Authors | Parducci RE, Cabrera R, Baez M, Guixe V |
| Title | Evidence for a catalytic Mg2+ ion and effect of phosphate on the activity of Escherichia coli phosphofructokinase-2: regulatory properties of a ribokinase family member. |
| Related PDB | |
| Related UniProtKB | |
| [24] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 16784868 |
| Journal | Bioorg Med Chem |
| Year | 2006 |
| Volume | 14 |
| Pages | 6327-32 |
| Authors | Chuvikovsky DV, Esipov RS, Skoblov YS, Chupova LA, Muravyova TI, Miroshnikov AI, Lapinjoki S, Mikhailopulo IA |
| Title |
Ribokinase from E. |
| Related PDB | |
| Related UniProtKB | |
| [25] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 16740960 |
| Journal | J Bacteriol |
| Year | 2006 |
| Volume | 188 |
| Pages | 4542-52 |
| Authors | Safo MK, Musayev FN, di Salvo ML, Hunt S, Claude JB, Schirch V |
| Title | Crystal structure of pyridoxal kinase from the Escherichia coli pdxK gene: implications for the classification of pyridoxal kinases. |
| Related PDB | 2ddm 2ddo 2ddw |
| Related UniProtKB | |
| [26] | |
| Resource | |
| Comments | X-ray crystallography |
| Medline ID | |
| PubMed ID | 16978644 |
| Journal | J Mol Biol |
| Year | 2006 |
| Volume | 363 |
| Pages | 520-30 |
| Authors | Newman JA, Das SK, Sedelnikova SE, Rice DW |
| Title | The crystal structure of an ADP complex of Bacillus subtilis pyridoxal kinase provides evidence for the parallel emergence of enzyme activity during evolution. |
| Related PDB | 2i5b |
| Related UniProtKB | |
| Comments |
|---|
|
Althogh potassium ion and phosphate ion are included as cofactors, This enzyme is homologous to human counterpart enzyme (S00541 in EzCatDB). |
| Created | Updated |
|---|---|
| 2007-03-01 | 2009-03-19 |