DB code: S00509

RLCP classification 1.30.33100.2 : Hydrolysis
CATH domain 1.10.530.10 : Lysozyme Catalytic domain
E.C. 3.2.1.17
CSA 135l
M-CSA 135l
MACiE

CATH domain Related DB codes (homologues)
1.10.530.10 : Lysozyme S00520 D00170

Uniprot Enzyme Name
UniprotKB Protein name Synonyms RefSeq CAZy Pfam
P00698 Lysozyme C (EC 3.2.1.17) (1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase C) (Allergen Gal d IV)AltName: Allergen=Gal d 4;
None NP_990612.1 (Protein)
NM_205281.1 (DNA/RNA sequence)
GH22 (Glycoside Hydrolase Family 22)
PF00062 (Lys)
[Graphical View]
P00700 Lysozyme C
EC 3.2.1.17
1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase C
GH22 (Glycoside Hydrolase Family 22)
PF00062 (Lys)
[Graphical View]
P00704 Lysozyme C
EC 3.2.1.17
1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase C
GH22 (Glycoside Hydrolase Family 22)
PF00062 (Lys)
[Graphical View]
P00702 Lysozyme C
EC 3.2.1.17
1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase C
GH22 (Glycoside Hydrolase Family 22)
PF00062 (Lys)
[Graphical View]
P00703 Lysozyme C
EC 3.2.1.17
1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase C
XP_003202118.1 (Protein)
XM_003202070.1 (DNA/RNA sequence)
GH22 (Glycoside Hydrolase Family 22)
PF00062 (Lys)
[Graphical View]

KEGG enzyme name
lysozyme
muramidase
globulin G
mucopeptide glucohydrolase
globulin G1
N,O-diacetylmuramidase
lysozyme g
L-7001
1,4-N-acetylmuramidase
mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase
PR1-lysozyme

UniprotKB: Accession Number Entry name Activity Subunit Subcellular location Cofactor
P00698 LYSC_CHICK Hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-linkages between N- acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins. Monomer.
P00700 LYSC_COLVI Hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-linkages between N- acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins. Monomer.
P00704 LYSC_NUMME Hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-linkages between N- acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins. Monomer.
P00702 LYSC_PHACO Hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-linkages between N- acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins. Monomer.
P00703 LYSC_MELGA Hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-linkages between N- acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins. Monomer.

KEGG Pathways
Map code Pathways E.C.

Compound table
Substrates Products Intermediates
KEGG-id C00889 C00851 C00001 C04394 C00851 C00140
E.C.
Compound Peptidoglycan Chitodextrin H2O Peptidoglycan(N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) Chitodextrin N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine
Type amino acids,amide group,amine group,carbohydrate,peptide/protein,polysaccharide amide group,polysaccharide H2O amino acids,amide group,amine group,carbohydrate,lipid,peptide/protein,polysaccharide amide group,polysaccharide amide group,carbohydrate
ChEBI 15377
 15377
 		8006
 8006
 		506227
 506227
PubChem 22247451
 962
 22247451
 962
 		5462260
 5462260
 		439174
 439174
1a2yC Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1at5A Unbound Unbound Unbound Bound:NAG-NAG-NAG Unbound
1at6A Unbound Unbound Unbound Bound:NAG-NAG-NAG Unbound
1bvkC Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1bvkF Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1dqjC Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1fdlY Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1g7hC Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1g7iC Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1g7jC Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1g7lC Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1g7mC Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1kipC Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1kiqC Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1kirC Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1melL Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1melM Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1mlcE Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1mlcF Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1vfbC Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
2hflY Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
2iffY Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
3hflY Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
3hfmY Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1bqlY Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1dkjA Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1dkkA Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1dkkB Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1ghlA Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1ghlB Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1jhlA Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
135lA Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1dzbX Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1dzbY Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1jefA Unbound Unbound Unbound Bound:NAG-NAG-NAG Unbound
1jseA Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1jtpL Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1jtpM Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1lz3A Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1lzyA Unbound Unbound Unbound Bound:NAG-NAG Unbound
1tewA Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
2lz2A Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
3lz2A Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1fbiX Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1fbiY Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound
1hhlA Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound Unbound

Reference for Active-site residues
resource references E.C.
Swiss-prot;P00698

Active-site residues
PDB Catalytic residues Cofactor-binding residues Modified residues Main-chain involved in catalysis Comment
1a2yC GLU 35;ASP 52 mutant D18A
1at5A GLU 35;ASP 52
1at6A GLU 35;ASP 52
1bvkC GLU 35;ASP 52
1bvkF GLU 35;ASP 52
1dqjC GLU 35;ASP 52
1fdlY GLU 35;ASP 52
1g7hC GLU 35;ASP 52
1g7iC GLU 35;ASP 52
1g7jC GLU 35;ASP 52
1g7lC GLU 35;ASP 52
1g7mC GLU 35;ASP 52
1kipC GLU 35;ASP 52
1kiqC GLU 35;ASP 52
1kirC GLU 35;ASP 52
1melL GLU 35;ASP 52
1melM GLU 35;ASP 52
1mlcE GLU 35;ASP 52
1mlcF GLU 35;ASP 52
1vfbC GLU 35;ASP 52
2hflY GLU 35;ASP 52
2iffY GLU 35;ASP 52
3hflY GLU 35;ASP 52
3hfmY GLU 35;ASP 52
1bqlY GLU 35;ASP 52
1dkjA GLU 35;ASP 52
1dkkA GLU 35;ASP 52
1dkkB GLU 35;ASP 52
1ghlA GLU 35;ASP 52
1ghlB GLU 35;ASP 52
1jhlA GLU 35;ASP 52
135lA GLU 35;ASP 52
1dzbX GLU 35;ASP 52
1dzbY GLU 35;ASP 52
1jefA GLU 35;ASP 52
1jseA GLU 35;ASP 52
1jtpL GLU 35;ASP 52
1jtpM GLU 35;ASP 52
1lz3A GLU 35;ASP 52
1lzyA GLU 35;ASP 52
1tewA GLU 35;ASP 52
2lz2A GLU 35;ASP 52
3lz2A GLU 35;ASP 52
1fbiX GLU 35;ASP 52
1fbiY GLU 35;ASP 52
1hhlA GLU 35;ASP 52

References for Catalytic Mechanism
References Sections No. of steps in catalysis
[13]
[27]
Fig.1 2
[40]
p.1894-1895
[41]
Scheme 1, p.1886 2
[43]
[49]
Fig.4, p.19980-19981
[60]
Fig.1
[64]
Fig.(5), p.109-110 3
[69]
Fig.1, Fig.2, p.738 3
[70]
Figure 1 p.835

References
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Resource
Comments X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.0 ANGSTROMS).
Medline ID 66035996
PubMed ID 5891407
Journal Nature
Year 1965
Volume 206
Pages 757-61
Authors Blake CC, Koenig DF, Mair GA, North AC, Phillips DC, Sarma VR
Title Structure of hen egg-white lysozyme. A three-dimensional Fourier synthesis at 2 Angstrom resolution.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB P00698
[2]
Resource
Comments X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.0 ANGSTROMS), AND REVIEW.
Medline ID
PubMed ID
Journal The Enzymes (3rd ed.)
Year 1972
Volume 7
Pages 665-868
Authors Imoto T, Johnson LN, North ACT, Phillips DC, Rupley JA
Title Vertebrate lysozymes.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB P00698
[3]
Resource
Comments X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.9 ANGSTROMS) OF TRICLINIC LYSOZYME.
Medline ID 76146540
PubMed ID 1255720
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1976
Volume 101
Pages 11-24
Authors Kurachi K, Sieker LC, Jensen LH
Title Structures of triclinic mono- and di-N-acetylglucosamine: lysozyme complexes--a crystallographic study.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB P00698
[4]
Resource
Comments X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.5 ANGSTROMS) OF TRICLINIC LYSOZYME.
Medline ID 76146521
PubMed ID 1255711
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1976
Volume 100
Pages 179-95
Authors Moult J, Yonath A, Traub W, Smilansky A, Podjarny A, Rabinovich D, Saya A
Title The structure of triclinic lysozyme at 2-5 A resolution.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB P00698
[5]
Resource
Comments STRUCTURE BY NMR.
Medline ID 88163558
PubMed ID 3349024
Journal Biochemistry
Year 1988
Volume 27
Pages 122-36
Authors Redfield C, Dobson CM
Title Sequential 1H NMR assignments and secondary structure of hen egg white lysozyme in solution.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB P00698
[6]
Resource
Comments X-ray crystallography
Medline ID
PubMed ID 2762305
Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Year 1989
Volume 86
Pages 5938-42
Authors Padlan EA, Silverton EW, Sheriff S, Cohen GH, Smith-Gill SJ, Davies DR
Title Structure of an antibody-antigen complex: crystal structure of the HyHEL-10 Fab-lysozyme complex.
Related PDB 3hfm
Related UniProtKB
[7]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 2302221
Journal Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Year 1990
Volume 166
Pages 1039-46
Authors Kahn PC, Bassompierre M, Waks M
Title "Hydration memory" of lysozyme: a misinterpretation.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[8]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 1989584
Journal Biochem J
Year 1991
Volume 273
Pages 211-7
Authors Radford SE, Woolfson DN, Martin SR, Lowe G, Dobson CM
Title A three-disulphide derivative of hen lysozyme. Structure, dynamics and stability.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[9]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 2060633
Journal FEBS Lett
Year 1991
Volume 284
Pages 91-4
Authors Kachalova GS, Morozov VN, Morozova TYa, Myachin ET, Vagin AA, Strokopytov BV, Nekrasov YuV
Title Comparison of structures of dry and wet hen egg-white lysozyme molecule at 1.8 A resolution.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[10]
Resource
Comments STRUCTURE BY NMR.
Medline ID 92176179
PubMed ID 1794991
Journal J Biochem (Tokyo)
Year 1991
Volume 110
Pages 997-1003
Authors Fukamizo T, Ikeda Y, Torikata T, Araki T, Kuramoto M, Goto S
Title 1H-NMR study on the structure of lysozyme from guinea hen egg white.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB P00704
[11]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 1761525
Journal J Biochem (Tokyo)
Year 1991
Volume 110
Pages 295-300
Authors Nakazawa T, Sakiyama F
Title Site-specific 13C-labeling of Trp 62 in hen egg-white lysozyme: preparation and 13C-NMR titration of [delta 1-13C]Trp 62-lysozyme.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[12]
Resource
Comments X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.5 ANGSTROMS) OF COMPLEX WITH ANTIBODY.
Medline ID 91302305
PubMed ID 1712773
Journal J Biol Chem
Year 1991
Volume 266
Pages 12915-20
Authors Fischmann TO, Bentley GA, Bhat TN, Boulot G, Mariuzza RA, Phillips SE, Tello D, Poljak RJ
Title Crystallographic refinement of the three-dimensional structure of the FabD1.3-lysozyme complex at 2.5-A resolution.
Related PDB 1fdl
Related UniProtKB P00698
[13]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 1856865
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1991
Volume 220
Pages 401-24
Authors Strynadka NC, James MN
Title Lysozyme revisited: crystallographic evidence for distortion of an N-acetylmuramic acid residue bound in site D.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[14]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 1607355
Journal J Biochem (Tokyo)
Year 1992
Volume 111
Pages 1-3
Authors Yao M, Tanaka I, Hikichi K, Nitta K
Title Crystallization and preliminary X-ray structure analysis of pigeon egg-white lysozyme.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[15]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 1587860
Journal J Biol Chem
Year 1992
Volume 267
Pages 10842-9
Authors Wilson KP, Malcolm BA, Matthews BW
Title Structural and thermodynamic analysis of compensating mutations within the core of chicken egg white lysozyme.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[16]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 1569548
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1992
Volume 224
Pages 613-28
Authors Cheetham JC, Artymiuk PJ, Phillips DC
Title Refinement of an enzyme complex with inhibitor bound at partial occupancy. Hen egg-white lysozyme and tri-N-acetylchitotriose at 1.75 A resolution.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[17]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 1553384
Journal Proteins
Year 1992
Volume 12
Pages 91-9
Authors Howell PL, Warren C, Amatayakul-Chantler S, Petsko GA, Hajdu J
Title Activity of crystalline turkey egg white lysozyme.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[18]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 1515108
Journal Acta Crystallogr B
Year 1992
Volume 48
Pages 200-7
Authors Howell PL, Almo SC, Parsons MR, Hajdu J, Petsko GA
Title Structure determination of turkey egg-white lysozyme using Laue diffraction data.
Related PDB 3lz2
Related UniProtKB
[19]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8422374
Journal Biochemistry
Year 1993
Volume 32
Pages 669-78
Authors Buck M, Radford SE, Dobson CM
Title A partially folded state of hen egg white lysozyme in trifluoroethanol: structural characterization and implications for protein folding.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[20]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8373783
Journal Biochemistry
Year 1993
Volume 32
Pages 9851-8
Authors Rypniewski WR, Holden HM, Rayment I
Title Structural consequences of reductive methylation of lysine residues in hen egg white lysozyme: an X-ray analysis at 1.8-A resolution.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[21]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8444153
Journal Eur J Biochem
Year 1993
Volume 212
Pages 151-6
Authors Kumagai I, Maenaka K, Sunada F, Takeda S, Miura K
Title Effects of subsite alterations on substrate-binding mode in the active site of hen egg-white lysozyme.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[22]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8445657
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1993
Volume 229
Pages 930-44
Authors Smith LJ, Sutcliffe MJ, Redfield C, Dobson CM
Title Structure of hen lysozyme in solution.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[23]
Resource
Comments X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.4 ANGSTROMS).
Medline ID 93361517
PubMed ID 8356074
Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Year 1993
Volume 90
Pages 7711-5
Authors Chitarra V, Alzari PM, Bentley GA, Bhat TN, Eisele JL, Houdusse A, Lescar J, Souchon H, Poljak RJ
Title Three-dimensional structure of a heteroclitic antigen-antibody cross-reaction complex.
Related PDB 1ghl 1jhl 1hhl
Related UniProtKB P00702
[24]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8180215
Journal Biochemistry
Year 1994
Volume 33
Pages 5867-76
Authors Hooke SD, Radford SE, Dobson CM
Title The refolding of human lysozyme: a comparison with the structurally homologous hen lysozyme.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[25]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8125914
Journal J Biol Chem
Year 1994
Volume 269
Pages 7070-5
Authors Maenaka K, Kawai G, Watanabe K, Sunada F, Kumagai I
Title Functional and structural role of a tryptophan generally observed in protein-carbohydrate interaction. TRP-62 of hen egg white lysozyme.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[26]
Resource
Comments X-ray crystallography
Medline ID
PubMed ID 7966295
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1994
Volume 243
Pages 767-81
Authors Braden BC, Souchon H, Eisele JL, Bentley GA, Bhat TN, Navaza J, Poljak RJ
Title Three-dimensional structures of the free and the antigen-complexed Fab from monoclonal anti-lysozyme antibody D44.1.
Related PDB 1mlc
Related UniProtKB
[27]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 7966306
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1994
Volume 243
Pages 856-72
Authors Hadfield AT, Harvey DJ, Archer DB, MacKenzie DA, Jeenes DJ, Radford SE, Lowe G, Dobson CM, Johnson LN
Title Crystal structure of the mutant D52S hen egg white lysozyme with an oligosaccharide product.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[28]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8289250
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1994
Volume 235
Pages 302-17
Authors Young AC, Tilton RF, Dewan JC
Title Thermal expansion of hen egg-white lysozyme. Comparison of the 1.9 A resolution structures of the tetragonal form of the enzyme at 100 K and 298 K.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[29]
Resource
Comments X-ray crystallography
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8302837
Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Year 1994
Volume 91
Pages 1089-93
Authors Bhat TN, Bentley GA, Boulot G, Greene MI, Tello D, Dall'Acqua W, Souchon H, Schwarz FP, Mariuzza RA, Poljak RJ
Title Bound water molecules and conformational stabilization help mediate an antigen-antibody association.
Related PDB 1vfb
Related UniProtKB
[30]
Resource
Comments X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.9 ANGSTROMS).
Medline ID 94339839
PubMed ID 8061608
Journal Protein Sci
Year 1994
Volume 3
Pages 788-98
Authors Lescar J, Souchon H, Alzari PM
Title Crystal structures of pheasant and guinea fowl egg-white lysozymes.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB P00702 P00704
[31]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 7696270
Journal Biochemistry
Year 1995
Volume 34
Pages 4041-55
Authors Buck M, Boyd J, Redfield C, MacKenzie DA, Jeenes DJ, Archer DB, Dobson CM
Title Structural determinants of protein dynamics: analysis of 15N NMR relaxation measurements for main-chain and side-chain nuclei of hen egg white lysozyme.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[32]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 7548086
Journal Biochemistry
Year 1995
Volume 34
Pages 13219-32
Authors Buck M, Schwalbe H, Dobson CM
Title Characterization of conformational preferences in a partly folded protein by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy: assignment and secondary structure analysis of hen egg-white lysozyme in trifluoroethanol.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[33]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 7628485
Journal Eur J Biochem
Year 1995
Volume 231
Pages 56-64
Authors Fukamizo T, Hatta T, Goto S
Title Hen-egg-white lysozyme modified with histamine. State of the imidazolylethyl group covalently attached to the binding site and its effect on the sugar-binding ability.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[34]
Resource
Comments Synchrotron X-ray crystallography
Medline ID
PubMed ID 7629116
Journal J Biol Chem
Year 1995
Volume 270
Pages 18067-76
Authors Lescar J, Pellegrini M, Souchon H, Tello D, Poljak RJ, Peterson N, Greene M, Alzari PM
Title Crystal structure of a cross-reaction complex between Fab F9.13.7 and guinea fowl lysozyme.
Related PDB 1fbi
Related UniProtKB
[35]
Resource
Comments X-ray crystallography
Medline ID
PubMed ID 7531245
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1995
Volume 245
Pages 261-74
Authors Chacko S, Silverton E, Kam-Morgan L, Smith-Gill S, Cohen G, Davies D
Title Structure of an antibody-lysozyme complex unexpected effect of conservative mutation.
Related PDB 2iff 3hfl
Related UniProtKB
[36]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 7707375
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1995
Volume 247
Pages 281-93
Authors Maenaka K, Matsushima M, Song H, Sunada F, Watanabe K, Kumagai I
Title Dissection of protein-carbohydrate interactions in mutant hen egg-white lysozyme complexes and their hydrolytic activity.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[37]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8535242
Journal Protein Sci
Year 1995
Volume 4
Pages 2063-72
Authors Shih P, Kirsch JF
Title Design and structural analysis of an engineered thermostable chicken lysozyme.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[38]
Resource
Comments X-ray crystallography
Medline ID
PubMed ID
Journal Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr
Year 1996
Volume 52
Pages 315-26
Authors Cohen GH, Sheriff S, Davies DR
Title Refined Structure of the Monoclonal Antibody HyHEL-5 with its Antigen Hen Egg-White Lysozyme.
Related PDB 3hfl
Related UniProtKB
[39]
Resource
Comments X-ray crystallography
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8952503
Journal Biochemistry
Year 1996
Volume 35
Pages 15494-503
Authors Fields BA, Goldbaum FA, Dall'Acqua W, Malchiodi EL, Cauerhff A, Schwarz FP, Ysern X, Poljak RJ, Mariuzza RA
Title Hydrogen bonding and solvent structure in an antigen-antibody interface. Crystal structures and thermodynamic characterization of three Fv mutants complexed with lysozyme.
Related PDB 1kip 1kiq 1kir
Related UniProtKB
[40]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8639671
Journal Biochemistry
Year 1996
Volume 35
Pages 1890-6
Authors Matsumura I, Kirsch JF
Title Synergistic contributions of asparagine 46 and aspartate 52 to the catalytic mechanism of chicken egg white lysozyme.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[41]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8639670
Journal Biochemistry
Year 1996
Volume 35
Pages 1881-9
Authors Matsumura I, Kirsch JF
Title Is aspartate 52 essential for catalysis by chicken egg white lysozyme? The role of natural substrate-assisted hydrolysis.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[42]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8807857
Journal Chem Biol
Year 1996
Volume 3
Pages 295-9
Authors Vogel K, Cook J, Chmielewski J
Title Subtilisin-catalyzed religation of proteolyzed hen egg-white lysozyme: investigation of the role of disulfides.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[43]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8907188
Journal J Biochem (Tokyo)
Year 1996
Volume 119
Pages 145-50
Authors Hashimoto Y, Yamada K, Motoshima H, Omura T, Yamada H, Yasukochi T, Miki T, Ueda T, Imoto T
Title A mutation study of catalytic residue Asp 52 in hen egg lysozyme.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[44]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8780785
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1996
Volume 261
Pages 443-53
Authors Bolin KA, Pitkeathly M, Miranker A, Smith LJ, Dobson CM
Title Insight into a random coil conformation and an isolated helix: structural and dynamical characterisation of the C-helix peptide from hen lysozyme.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[45]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8632472
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1996
Volume 257
Pages 889-94
Authors Braden BC, Fields BA, Ysern X, Goldbaum FA, Dall'Acqua W, Schwarz FP, Poljak RJ, Mariuzza RA
Title Crystal structure of the complex of the variable domain of antibody D1.3 and turkey egg white lysozyme: a novel conformational change in antibody CDR-L3 selects for antigen.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[46]
Resource
Comments X-ray crystallography
Medline ID
PubMed ID 8784355
Journal Nat Struct Biol
Year 1996
Volume 3
Pages 803-11
Authors Desmyter A, Transue TR, Ghahroudi MA, Thi MH, Poortmans F, Hamers R, Muyldermans S, Wyns L
Title Crystal structure of a camel single-domain VH antibody fragment in complex with lysozyme.
Related PDB 1mel
Related UniProtKB
[47]
Resource
Comments X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.0 ANGSTROMS).
Medline ID 97035273
PubMed ID 8880929
Journal Proteins
Year 1996
Volume 26
Pages 55-65
Authors Chacko S, Silverton EW, Smith-Gill SJ, Davies DR, Shick KA, Xavier KA, Willson RC, Jeffrey PD, Chang CY, Sieker LC, Sheriff S
Title Refined structures of bobwhite quail lysozyme uncomplexed and complexed with the HyHEL-5 Fab fragment.
Related PDB 1bql 1dkj 1dkk
Related UniProtKB P00700
[48]
Resource
Comments STRUCTURE BY NMR.
Medline ID 97365184
PubMed ID 9220986
Journal Biochemistry
Year 1997
Volume 36
Pages 8977-91
Authors Schwalbe H, Fiebig KM, Buck M, Jones JA, Grimshaw SB, Spencer A, Glaser SJ, Smith LJ, Dobson CM
Title Structural and dynamical properties of a denatured protein. Heteronuclear 3D NMR experiments and theoretical simulations of lysozyme in 8 M urea.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB P00698
[49]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 9242666
Journal J Biol Chem
Year 1997
Volume 272
Pages 19976-81
Authors Kuroki R, Ito Y, Kato Y, Imoto T
Title A covalent enzyme-substrate adduct in a mutant hen egg white lysozyme (D52E).
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[50]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 9312083
Journal J Biol Chem
Year 1997
Volume 272
Pages 24843-9
Authors Roux P, Delepierre M, Goldberg ME, Chaffotte AF
Title Kinetics of secondary structure recovery during the refolding of reduced hen egg white lysozyme.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[51]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 9408946
Journal Proteins
Year 1997
Volume 29
Pages 492-507
Authors Bhattacharjya S, Balaram P
Title Effects of organic solvents on protein structures: observation of a structured helical core in hen egg-white lysozyme in aqueous dimethylsulfoxide.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[52]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 9639564
Journal Biochem J
Year 1998
Volume 333
Pages 71-6
Authors Maenaka K, Matsushima M, Kawai G, Kidera A, Watanabe K, Kuroki R, Kumagai I
Title Structural and functional effect of Trp-62-->Gly and Asp-101-->Gly substitutions on substrate-binding modes of mutant hen egg-white lysozymes.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[53]
Resource
Comments X-ray crystallography
Medline ID
PubMed ID 9609690
Journal Biochemistry
Year 1998
Volume 37
Pages 7981-91
Authors Dall'Acqua W, Goldman ER, Lin W, Teng C, Tsuchiya D, Li H, Ysern X, Braden BC, Li Y, Smith-Gill SJ, Mariuzza RA
Title A mutational analysis of binding interactions in an antigen-antibody protein-protein complex.
Related PDB 1a2y
Related UniProtKB
[54]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 9602036
Journal Biochim Biophys Acta
Year 1998
Volume 1384
Pages 23-31
Authors Maenaka K, Matsushima M, Kawai G, Watanabe K, Kuroki R, Kumagai I
Title Structural analysis of mutant hen egg-white lysozyme preferring a minor binding mode.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[55]
Resource
Comments X-ray crystallography
Medline ID
PubMed ID 9463398
Journal J Exp Med
Year 1998
Volume 187
Pages 479-85
Authors Holmes MA, Buss TN, Foote J
Title Conformational correction mechanisms aiding antigen recognition by a humanized antibody.
Related PDB 1bvk
Related UniProtKB
[56]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 9571046
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 1998
Volume 278
Pages 231-8
Authors Noguchi S, Miyawaki K, Satow Y
Title Succinimide and isoaspartate residues in the crystal structures of hen egg-white lysozyme complexed with tri-N-acetylchitotriose.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[57]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 9517539
Journal Proteins
Year 1998
Volume 30
Pages 232-43
Authors Harata K, Abe Y, Muraki M
Title Full-matrix least-squares refinement of lysozymes and analysis of anisotropic thermal motion.
Related PDB 1jse
Related UniProtKB
[58]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 10469657
Journal EMBO J
Year 1999
Volume 18
Pages 4794-803
Authors van den Berg B, Chung EW, Robinson CV, Mateo PL, Dobson CM
Title The oxidative refolding of hen lysozyme and its catalysis by protein disulfide isomerase.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[59]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 9990012
Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Year 1999
Volume 96
Pages 1262-7
Authors Knubovets T, Osterhout JJ, Connolly PJ, Klibanov AM
Title Structure, thermostability, and conformational flexibility of hen egg-white lysozyme dissolved in glycerol.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[60]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 10325403
Journal Protein Eng
Year 1999
Volume 12
Pages 327-31
Authors Ito Y, Kuroki R, Ogata Y, Hashimoto Y, Sugimura K, Imoto T
Title Analysis of a catalytic pathway via a covalent adduct of D52E hen egg white mutant lysozyme by further mutation.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[61]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 10651280
Journal Proteins
Year 1999
Volume 37
Pages 654-67
Authors Haliloglu T, Bahar I
Title Structure-based analysis of protein dynamics: comparison of theoretical results for hen lysozyme with X-ray diffraction and NMR relaxation data.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[62]
Resource
Comments X-ray crystallography
Medline ID
PubMed ID 10828942
Journal Biochemistry
Year 2000
Volume 39
Pages 6296-309
Authors Li Y, Li H, Smith-Gill SJ, Mariuzza RA
Title Three-dimensional structures of the free and antigen-bound Fab from monoclonal antilysozyme antibody HyHEL-63(,).
Related PDB 1dqj
Related UniProtKB
[63]
Resource
Comments X-ray crystallography
Medline ID
PubMed ID 11112523
Journal Biochemistry
Year 2000
Volume 39
Pages 15375-87
Authors Sundberg EJ, Urrutia M, Braden BC, Isern J, Tsuchiya D, Fields BA, Malchiodi EL, Tormo J, Schwarz FP, Mariuzza RA
Title Estimation of the hydrophobic effect in an antigen-antibody protein-protein interface.
Related PDB 1g7h 1g7i 1g7j 1g7l 1g7m
Related UniProtKB
[64]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 12369923
Journal Curr Protein Pept Sci
Year 2000
Volume 1
Pages 105-24
Authors Fukamizo T
Title Chitinolytic enzymes: catalysis, substrate binding, and their application.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[65]
Resource
Comments X-ray crystallography
Medline ID
PubMed ID 10926506
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 2000
Volume 301
Pages 239-46
Authors Ay J, Keitel T, Kuttner G, Wessner H, Scholz C, Hahn M, Hohne W
Title Crystal structure of a phage library-derived single-chain Fv fragment complexed with turkey egg-white lysozyme at 2.0 A resolution.
Related PDB 1dzb
Related UniProtKB
[66]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 10708653
Journal Protein Eng
Year 2000
Volume 13
Pages 133-41
Authors Mande SC, Sobhia ME
Title Structural characterization of protein-denaturant interactions: crystal structures of hen egg-white lysozyme in complex with DMSO and guanidinium chloride.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[67]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 11112507
Journal Protein Eng
Year 2000
Volume 13
Pages 691-5
Authors Masumoto K, Ueda T, Motoshima H, Imoto T
Title Relationship between local structure and stability in hen egg white lysozyme mutant with alanine substituted for glycine.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[68]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 11718564
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 2001
Volume 314
Pages 311-20
Authors Tachibana H, Oka T, Akasaka K
Title Native-like tertiary structure formation in the alpha-domain of a hen lysozyme two-disulfide variant.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[69]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 11524668
Journal Nat Struct Biol
Year 2001
Volume 8
Pages 737-9
Authors Kirby AJ
Title The lysozyme mechanism sorted -- after 50 years.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[70]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 11518970
Journal Nature
Year 2001
Volume 412
Pages 835-8
Authors Vocadlo DJ, Davies GJ, Laine R, Withers SG
Title Catalysis by hen egg-white lysozyme proceeds via a covalent intermediate.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[71]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 11274458
Journal Protein Sci
Year 2001
Volume 10
Pages 677-88
Authors Schwalbe H, Grimshaw SB, Spencer A, Buck M, Boyd J, Dobson CM, Redfield C, Smith LJ
Title A refined solution structure of hen lysozyme determined using residual dipolar coupling data.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[72]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 11093257
Journal Proteins
Year 2001
Volume 42
Pages 17-22
Authors Xue Y, Liu JN, Sun Z, Ma Z, Wu C, Zhu D
Title alpha-lactalbumin mutant acting as lysozyme.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[73]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 11676532
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 2001
Volume 313
Pages 473-8
Authors Decanniere K, Transue TR, Desmyter A, Maes D, Muyldermans S, Wyns L
Title Degenerate interfaces in antigen-antibody complexes.
Related PDB 1jtp
Related UniProtKB
[74]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 11841203
Journal Biochemistry
Year 2002
Volume 41
Pages 2130-9
Authors Noda Y, Yokota A, Horii D, Tominaga T, Tanisaka Y, Tachibana H, Segawa S
Title NMR structural study of two-disulfide variant of hen lysozyme: 2SS[6-127, 30-115]--a disulfide intermediate with a partly unfolded structure.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[75]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID 12654268
Journal J Mol Biol
Year 2003
Volume 327
Pages 857-65
Authors Refaee M, Tezuka T, Akasaka K, Williamson MP
Title Pressure-dependent changes in the solution structure of hen egg-white lysozyme.
Related PDB
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Comments
This enzyme belongs to the glycosidase family-22. This is a retaining enzyme, which hydrolyzes beta-(1-4)-glycosidic linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc).
Although earlier study (see [27]) proposed that Asp52 acts as a stabilizer, which stabilizes the oxocarbenium ion intermediate, recent papers confirmed that Asp52 acts as a nucleophile that will form a covalent intermediate with C1 atom of the sugar substrate (see [69] & [70]). Meanwhile, Glu35 acts as an acid-base catalyst.
Thus, according to the literature [69] & [70], the catalytic reaction proceeds with a concerted SN2-type reaction as follows:
(1) Glu35 acts as a general acid, to protonate the glycosidic oxygen of the scissile bond, whilst asp52 makes a nucleophilic attack on the C1 atom of the GlcNAc, to form a covalent intermediate with it. This reaction leads to the bond cleavage between the glycosidic linkage.
(2) Glu35 acts as a general base, which activates a water molecule. The activated water makes a nucleophilic attack on the C1 atom, to hydrolyze the intermediate.

Created Updated
2004-03-03 2009-02-26