DB code: T00088

CATH domain	3.40.50.1100 : Rossmann fold	Catalytic domain
	3.40.50.1100 : Rossmann fold	Catalytic domain
	3.40.1020.10 : Biosynthetic Threonine Deaminase; domain 3
E.C.	4.3.1.19
CSA	1tdj
M-CSA	1tdj
MACiE

CATH domain	Related DB codes (homologues)
3.40.50.1100 : Rossmann fold	D00264 T00089

Uniprot Enzyme Name
UniprotKB	Protein name	Synonyms	RefSeq	Pfam
P04968	L-threonine dehydratase biosynthetic IlvA	EC 4.3.1.19 Threonine deaminase	NP_418220.1 (Protein) NC_000913.2 (DNA/RNA sequence) YP_491666.1 (Protein) NC_007779.1 (DNA/RNA sequence)	PF00291 (PALP) PF00585 (Thr_dehydrat_C) [Graphical View]

KEGG enzyme name
threonine ammonia-lyase threonine deaminase L-serine dehydratase serine deaminase L-threonine dehydratase threonine dehydrase L-threonine deaminase threonine dehydratase L-threonine hydro-lyase (deaminating) L-threonine ammonia-lyase

UniprotKB: Accession Number	Entry name	Activity	Subunit	Subcellular location	Cofactor
P04968	THD1_ECOLI	L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH(3).	Homotetramer.		Pyridoxal phosphate.

KEGG Pathways
Map code	Pathways	E.C.
MAP00260	Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
MAP00290	Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis

Compound table
						Cofactors	Substrates	Products		Intermediates
KEGG-id						C00018	C00188	C00109	C00014
E.C.
Compound						Pyridoxal phosphate	L-Threonine	2-Oxobutanoate	NH3
Type						aromatic ring (with nitrogen atoms),phosphate group/phosphate ion	amino acids,carbohydrate	carbohydrate,carboxyl group	amine group,organic ion
ChEBI						18405 18405	16857 57926 16857 57926	30831 30831	16134 16134
PubChem						1051 1051	6288 6971019 6288 6971019	58 58	222 222
1tdjA01						Bound:PLP	Unbound	Unbound	Unbound
1tdjA02						Unbound	Unbound	Unbound	Unbound
1tdjA03						Unbound	Unbound	Unbound	Unbound

Reference for Active-site residues
resource	references	E.C.
literature [24]

Active-site residues
PDB						Catalytic residues	Cofactor-binding residues	Modified residues	Main-chain involved in catalysis	Comment
1tdjA01						LYS 62		LYS 62(PLP binding)
1tdjA02						ASN 89
1tdjA03

References for Catalytic Mechanism
References	Sections	No. of steps in catalysis
[24]	p.468

References
[1]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	235965
Journal	Biochemistry
Year	1975
Volume	14
Pages	1760-7
Authors	Feldman DA, Datta P
Title	Catabolite inactivation of biodegradative threonine dehydratase of Escherichia coli.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[2]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	1096954
Journal	Biochim Biophys Acta
Year	1975
Volume	397
Pages	220-30
Authors	Koerner K, Rahimi-Laridjani I, Grimminger H
Title	Purification of biosynthetic threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[3]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	986166
Journal	Biochemistry
Year	1976
Volume	15
Pages	3745-9
Authors	Kapke G, Davis L
Title	Stereochemistry of the reaction of sheep liver threonine dehydratase. A nuclear magnetic resonance and optical rotatory dispersion study of its reaction pathway and products.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[4]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	1262564
Journal	J Dairy Res
Year	1976
Volume	43
Pages	75-83
Authors	Lees GJ, Jago GR
Title	Formation of acetaldehyde from threonine by lactic acid bacteria.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[5]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	885705
Journal	Ital J Biochem
Year	1977
Volume	26
Pages	144-61
Authors	Pagani R, Lusini P, Di Stefano A, Aleo F, Marinello E
Title	Purification and properties of rat liver L-threonine deaminase.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[6]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	909449
Journal	Methods Enzymol
Year	1977
Volume	46
Pages	59-69
Authors	Phillips AT
Title	Differential labeling: a general technique for selective modification of binding sites.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[7]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	350274
Journal	Biochemistry
Year	1978
Volume	17
Pages	1691-9
Authors	Bhadra R, Datta P
Title	Allosteric inhibition and catabolite inactivation of purified biodegradative threonine dehydratase of Salmonella typhimurium.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[8]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	342520
Journal	J Biol Chem
Year	1978
Volume	253
Pages	1245-51
Authors	Hofler JG, Burns RO
Title	Threonine deaminase from Salmonella typhimurium. Effect of regulatory ligands on the binding of substrates and substrate analogues to the active sites and the differentiation of the activator and inhibitor sites from the active sites.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[9]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	438181
Journal	J Biol Chem
Year	1979
Volume	254
Pages	4126-31
Authors	Davis L
Title	Functional and stereochemical specificity at the beta carbon atom of substrates in threonine dehydratase-catalyzed alpha,beta elimination reactions.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[10]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	7016853
Journal	J Biol Chem
Year	1981
Volume	256
Pages	5362-7
Authors	Park LS, Datta P
Title	Mechanism of catabolite inactivation of Escherichia coli biodegradative threonine dehydratase by glyoxylate.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[11]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	3929853
Journal	Biosci Rep
Year	1985
Volume	5
Pages	499-508
Authors	Leoncini R, Pagani R, Casella A, Marinello E
Title	Rat liver L-threonine deaminase: properties and purification.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[12]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	3053659
Journal	J Bacteriol
Year	1988
Volume	170
Pages	5352-9
Authors	Goss TJ, Schweizer HP, Datta P
Title	Molecular characterization of the tdc operon of Escherichia coli K-12.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[13]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	2674117
Journal	J Biol Chem
Year	1989
Volume	264
Pages	15818-23
Authors	Ogawa H, Gomi T, Konishi K, Date T, Nakashima H, Nose K, Matsuda Y, Peraino C, Pitot HC, Fujioka M
Title	Human liver serine dehydratase. cDNA cloning and sequence homology with hydroxyamino acid dehydratases from other sources.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[14]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	2015295
Journal	Biochim Biophys Acta
Year	1991
Volume	1077
Pages	233-40
Authors	Pagani R, Ponticelli F, Terzuoli L, Leoncini R, Marinello E
Title	The inhibition of rat liver threonine dehydratase by carbamoyl-phosphate. The formation of carbamoylpyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[15]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	8240316
Journal	Bioessays
Year	1993
Volume	15
Pages	625-34
Authors	Changeux JP
Title	Allosteric proteins: from regulatory enzymes to receptors--personal recollections.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[16]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	8407838
Journal	J Bacteriol
Year	1993
Volume	175
Pages	6605-13
Authors	Fisher KE, Eisenstein E
Title	An efficient approach to identify ilvA mutations reveals an amino-terminal catalytic domain in biosynthetic threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[17]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	8413189
Journal	Mol Gen Genet
Year	1993
Volume	240
Pages	395-402
Authors	Ganduri YL, Sadda SR, Datta MW, Jambukeswaran RK, Datta P
Title	TdcA, a transcriptional activator of the tdcABC operon of Escherichia coli, is a member of the LysR family of proteins.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[18]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	7815942
Journal	Mol Microbiol
Year	1994
Volume	13
Pages	833-42
Authors	Mockel B, Eggeling L, Sahm H
Title	Threonine dehydratases of Corynebacterium glutamicum with altered allosteric control: their generation and biochemical and structural analysis.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[19]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	7703851
Journal	Protein Sci
Year	1994
Volume	3
Pages	2055-63
Authors	Matsuo Y, Nishikawa K
Title	Protein structural similarities predicted by a sequence-structure compatibility method.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[20]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	7840631
Journal	Arch Biochem Biophys
Year	1995
Volume	316
Pages	311-8
Authors	Eisenstein E
Title	Allosteric regulation of biosynthetic threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli: effects of isoleucine and valine on active-site ligand binding and catalysis.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[21]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	8659901
Journal	Ann N Y Acad Sci
Year	1996
Volume	782
Pages	25-39
Authors	Sahm H, Eggeling L, Eikmanns B, Kramer R
Title	Construction of L-lysine-, L-threonine-, and L-isoleucine-overproducing strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[22]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	9761930
Journal	Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr
Year	1998
Volume	54
Pages	467-9
Authors	Gallagher DT, Eisenstein E, Fisher KE, Zondlo J, Chinchilla D, Yu HD, Dill J, Winborne E, Ducote K, Xiao G, Gilliland GL
Title	Polymorphous crystallization and diffraction of threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[23]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	9722552
Journal	J Biol Chem
Year	1998
Volume	273
Pages	23219-24
Authors	Chinchilla D, Schwarz FP, Eisenstein E
Title	Amino acid substitutions in the C-terminal regulatory domain disrupt allosteric effector binding to biosynthetic threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[24]
Resource
Comments	X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.8 ANGSTROMS)
Medline ID	98230745
PubMed ID	9562556
Journal	Structure
Year	1998
Volume	6
Pages	465-75
Authors	Gallagher DT, Gilliland GL, Xiao G, Zondlo J, Fisher KE, Chinchilla D, Eisenstein E
Title	Structure and control of pyridoxal phosphate dependent allosteric threonine deaminase.
Related PDB	1tdj
Related UniProtKB	P04968
[25]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	9914259
Journal	Curr Opin Struct Biol
Year	1998
Volume	8
Pages	759-69
Authors	Jansonius JN
Title	Structure, evolution and action of vitamin B6-dependent enzymes.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[26]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	11106492
Journal	Biochemistry
Year	2000
Volume	39
Pages	15136-43
Authors	Wessel PM, Graciet E, Douce R, Dumas R
Title	Evidence for two distinct effector-binding sites in threonine deaminase by site-directed mutagenesis, kinetic, and binding experiments.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[27]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	10673430
Journal	Structure Fold Des
Year	2000
Volume	8
Pages	R1-6
Authors	Schneider G, Kack H, Lindqvist Y
Title	The manifold of vitamin B6 dependent enzymes.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[28]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	11389597
Journal	Biochemistry
Year	2001
Volume	40
Pages	6836-44
Authors	Lee YT, Duggleby RG
Title	Identification of the regulatory subunit of Arabidopsis thaliana acetohydroxyacid synthase and reconstitution with its catalytic subunit.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[29]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	11751050
Journal	Curr Opin Struct Biol
Year	2001
Volume	11
Pages	694-700
Authors	Chipman DM, Shaanan B
Title	The ACT domain family.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB
[30]
Resource
Comments
Medline ID
PubMed ID	12427039
Journal	Biochemistry
Year	2002
Volume	41
Pages	13767-73
Authors	Halgand F, Wessel PM, Laprevote O, Dumas R
Title	Biochemical and mass spectrometric evidence for quaternary structure modifications of plant threonine deaminase induced by isoleucine.
Related PDB
Related UniProtKB

Comments

This enzyme was transferred from 4.2.1.16 to 4.3.1.19. This enzyme belongs to type-II PLP-dependent enzyme superfamily (or Tryptophan synthase beta-subunit family), according to the literature [25] & [27]. Although the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme has not been elucidated, this enzyme probably catalyzes the following reactions, considering those of other PLP-dependent enzymes (see [25]): (A) Formation of external aldimine (with amine group of Threonine substrate), (B) Isomerization (change in the position of double-bond), (C) Elimination of hydroxyl group, forming double bonded carbon atoms, leading to aminoacrylate intermediate, (D) Formation of internal aldimine, leading to the elimination of imine intermediate from PLP, (E) Schiff-base deforming of the imine product (by hydration), producing ammonia and oxobutanoate.

Created	Updated
2004-06-07	2009-02-26